Environmental groups are calling for stricter policies after a study revealed significant gaps in the regulation of Bisphenols and Phthalates in plastic products in the Philippines. The study was conducted by the Ateneo Center for Research and Innovation, Aruga, Ecowaste Coalition, and Davao-based Interfacing Development Interventions for Sustainability (Idis), with support from international organizations.
Regulatory Gaps Identified
Manny Calonzo, a campaigner for Ecowaste Coalition, stated that the study found critical gaps in regulations meant to protect public health. For Phthalates, a Department of Health (DOH) Administrative Order from 2011 restricts six types in children's toys, but Calonzo noted that Phthalates remain prevalent in PVC products like school supplies, tarpaulins, and raincoats. He emphasized the need to expand regulation to include food-contact materials, building supplies, medical equipment, and more.
For Bisphenol A (BPA), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) prohibits its use in baby feeding bottles and sippy cups. However, Calonzo pointed out that this regulation is limited, as BPA is still used in other products. He urged the national government to review and strengthen enforcement of these policies and widen their scope to cover all products containing harmful chemicals.
Health Impacts of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals
Dr. Geminn Louis C. Apostol, a research faculty member and environmental health specialist at the Ateneo Center for Research and Innovation, explained that Phthalates soften plastics (used in teethers and toys) while Bisphenols harden and strengthen plastics (found in food packaging, cosmetics, medical devices, and more). Both are endocrine-disrupting chemicals that interfere with human hormones, leading to reproductive issues, cognitive disorders, and cancer.
Apostol noted that studies in the United States suggest nearly 100% of the population has metabolized these chemicals, and the Philippines may face similar exposure levels. Children are particularly vulnerable, as they consume more food, water, and air relative to their body weight, resulting in three to four times higher chemical loads than adults. He stressed the importance of raising public awareness, noting that even small amounts can cause long-term health damage.
Tips to Reduce Exposure
The environmental groups aim to educate the public on minimizing exposure to Bisphenols and Phthalates. Apostol advised parents to look beyond “BPA-Free” labels on baby bottles, as products may contain other Bisphenols. Calonzo recommended avoiding PVC plastics, which have recycling symbol #3 and a strong chemical smell, and buying from authorized establishments.
For Bisphenols, consumers should avoid plastics labeled #5 (polycarbonate) and canned goods, as linings may contain BPA. Instead, fresh food is preferable. Apostol suggested checking the recycling triangle at the bottom of packaging and avoiding numbers 3, 5, 6, and 7. He also discouraged reusing single-use plastic bottles multiple times and advised against microwaving food in plastic containers. Thorough home cleaning can further reduce exposure to these chemicals.
